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PFM-DenseBench
pathology
segmentation
H&E

Dense prediction benchmark evaluating pathology foundation models on 18 segmentation datasets covering nuclear, tissue, and gland segmentation tasks. Rankings are average ranks across datasets (lower is better).

17 models evaluated
18 tasks
Organs:
multi-organ
breast
colon
lung
kidney

Detailed Results

Showing 18 of 18 segmentation datasets. mDICE Rank is the per-method rank averaged across 5 adaptation methods (lower is better); ± SD reflects consistency across methods. The overall average rank is the official benchmark ranking (lower is better).

Model
Average
rank
Average
mDICE rank
BCSS
mDICE rank
CoCaHis
mDICE rank
CoNIC2022
mDICE rank
CoNSeP
mDICE rank
COSAS24
mDICE rank
CPM15
mDICE rank
CPM17
mDICE rank
CRAG
mDICE rank
EBHI
mDICE rank
GlaS
mDICE rank
Janowczyk
mDICE rank
Kumar
mDICE rank
Lizard
mDICE rank
NuCLS
mDICE rank
PanNuke
mDICE rank
RINGS
mDICE rank
TNBC
mDICE rank
WSSS4LUAD
mDICE rank
1H-optimus-0
4.084.08
6.60± 2.65
3.80± 2.14
2.80± 1.17
2.20± 0.75
5.40± 2.33
5.80± 4.17
2.00± 0.89
2.00± 1.55
4.40± 3.83
3.00± 2.10
6.40± 6.25
1.80± 1.17
4.20± 1.17
1.80± 1.17
2.00± 1.10
9.20± 3.76
4.80± 5.60
5.20± 1.60
2H-optimus-1
4.364.36
4.60± 3.67
2.60± 1.36
5.20± 3.19
4.00± 2.61
4.60± 2.73
4.60± 1.96
2.40± 1.02
4.00± 2.61
4.00± 1.90
3.60± 2.65
7.40± 4.59
4.40± 2.50
2.60± 1.36
2.20± 1.17
5.20± 4.62
4.80± 2.40
5.00± 3.79
7.20± 2.32
3UNI2
5.035.03
5.20± 2.71
3.60± 1.36
5.00± 1.41
4.20± 5.42
3.80± 1.47
4.60± 1.20
8.20± 2.23
4.40± 2.87
9.80± 4.12
2.40± 0.49
4.80± 1.83
4.20± 1.17
6.00± 2.10
7.60± 1.50
3.20± 2.64
6.40± 3.14
5.40± 0.80
1.80± 0.75
4Virchow
6.466.46
6.00± 3.58
7.20± 2.14
6.00± 1.79
5.80± 3.12
10.20± 2.71
3.20± 1.60
5.00± 2.19
7.80± 6.01
7.40± 5.82
8.00± 2.00
6.40± 1.85
8.20± 4.49
6.00± 2.00
6.40± 3.38
5.00± 2.19
3.00± 1.79
3.20± 0.75
11.40± 1.62
5Kaiko ViT-L/14
7.647.64
9.60± 2.65
12.80± 1.60
6.80± 2.48
8.00± 1.41
5.00± 2.28
8.80± 2.93
6.40± 2.25
8.40± 1.36
9.00± 3.29
8.00± 1.41
4.40± 3.26
8.40± 2.25
5.20± 1.47
7.80± 2.48
4.80± 2.40
12.00± 5.55
6.20± 1.60
6.00± 2.28
6Lunit ViT-S/8
7.717.71
9.20± 4.17
8.80± 4.66
3.80± 5.60
8.60± 1.36
14.40± 1.36
1.20± 0.40
4.40± 3.67
15.60± 0.80
7.20± 3.71
14.80± 1.47
5.00± 4.34
2.60± 1.02
2.20± 2.40
8.20± 3.19
8.20± 4.49
13.40± 3.20
5.00± 4.43
6.20± 3.31
7UNI
7.777.77
5.60± 3.26
4.80± 1.33
7.80± 3.43
7.80± 4.17
7.80± 3.37
11.40± 2.25
11.20± 2.32
5.40± 2.25
4.80± 2.79
3.60± 0.80
8.20± 3.19
8.60± 1.02
9.60± 1.62
8.40± 3.93
9.20± 1.72
5.40± 3.44
11.60± 2.15
8.60± 2.33
8CONCH 1.5
7.977.97
5.80± 2.79
2.60± 1.62
11.20± 2.14
6.40± 3.07
6.00± 4.34
10.80± 0.40
11.00± 2.37
4.80± 1.33
13.20± 3.54
5.80± 3.19
6.40± 2.87
8.80± 2.04
9.20± 0.75
8.20± 3.19
11.80± 1.94
4.20± 1.72
8.40± 4.22
8.80± 3.97
9Hibou-L
8.298.29
8.60± 2.65
10.00± 2.68
8.60± 3.77
7.80± 2.64
9.80± 2.40
7.20± 4.31
7.60± 2.87
9.00± 1.41
11.00± 3.35
6.40± 1.62
11.00± 1.90
6.40± 3.50
5.00± 3.79
10.20± 3.54
10.20± 2.93
10.60± 1.36
8.20± 4.26
1.60± 0.80
10Prov-GigaPath
8.368.36
10.00± 3.10
6.80± 1.94
8.60± 2.42
6.00± 3.46
6.80± 3.54
7.60± 0.80
8.20± 1.94
8.80± 4.53
5.60± 1.62
7.60± 3.14
10.00± 3.90
9.40± 2.58
10.80± 2.48
8.80± 4.26
9.40± 3.01
8.80± 0.98
9.00± 1.79
8.20± 3.97
11CONCH
9.619.61
4.00± 1.90
8.00± 1.10
13.60± 2.65
8.40± 2.33
4.60± 2.58
13.40± 1.36
11.00± 1.90
7.80± 2.79
10.40± 1.50
10.80± 0.98
11.00± 2.19
12.60± 1.36
11.00± 1.10
12.20± 2.04
11.40± 2.15
3.40± 1.74
13.00± 2.10
6.40± 1.85
12Virchow2
10.0810.08
9.40± 6.50
16.20± 0.40
7.20± 2.48
13.80± 3.43
7.80± 6.88
10.80± 3.49
9.60± 4.18
8.20± 4.07
9.60± 3.72
9.60± 4.54
9.20± 4.87
13.60± 3.56
7.80± 3.60
9.40± 3.93
7.20± 2.40
13.20± 4.02
6.80± 3.19
12.00± 1.41
13Phikon-v2
10.7610.76
9.60± 3.56
12.40± 0.80
13.20± 0.98
13.60± 2.06
9.60± 1.02
12.00± 1.67
9.00± 4.20
12.00± 1.41
8.80± 4.40
13.00± 0.63
7.20± 3.54
8.20± 3.76
15.00± 1.10
9.40± 3.72
7.40± 3.38
9.00± 2.76
11.40± 2.33
12.80± 2.56
14Phikon
11.2411.24
12.20± 2.79
9.40± 1.74
10.20± 3.71
13.80± 1.47
11.00± 0.63
9.40± 3.38
12.00± 2.76
13.20± 1.17
12.60± 2.42
14.00± 0.63
9.60± 3.38
11.20± 3.87
12.20± 2.14
5.80± 3.92
10.80± 2.40
11.40± 2.06
9.80± 2.48
13.80± 2.32
15PathOrchestra
12.8312.83
14.60± 1.36
12.80± 1.17
12.20± 4.17
13.40± 2.33
15.40± 0.80
14.20± 2.04
12.20± 5.11
10.80± 1.47
9.00± 5.83
10.20± 0.98
14.60± 1.20
13.60± 1.20
15.20± 1.17
13.60± 1.96
14.80± 0.40
7.20± 3.60
12.80± 2.99
14.40± 1.62
16Midnight-12k
14.6114.61
15.00± 0.89
14.60± 1.02
16.00± 0.00
13.00± 1.10
14.20± 0.98
13.80± 4.40
15.80± 0.40
13.80± 1.60
12.20± 3.87
15.20± 0.75
14.40± 2.25
14.20± 3.12
14.20± 1.72
16.00± 0.00
15.40± 1.20
14.60± 0.49
15.40± 1.20
15.20± 1.17
17MUSK
16.2116.21
17.00± 0.00
16.60± 0.80
14.80± 4.40
16.20± 1.60
16.60± 0.49
14.20± 5.60
17.00± 0.00
17.00± 0.00
14.00± 6.00
17.00± 0.00
17.00± 0.00
16.80± 0.40
16.80± 0.40
17.00± 0.00
17.00± 0.00
16.40± 0.80
17.00± 0.00
13.40± 5.82